In this paper attempts have been made to determine the merchandise TRADE impacts of a possible setting up of FREE TRADE Area between Iran and the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council on Iran. For this purpose the SMART Simulation model which is a partial equilibrium model is employed. Results demonstrate that following the setting up of the FTA the volume of exports and imports and hence the volume of TRADE of Iran would increase. Although the results are to the effect that as a consequences of the FTA the TRADE balance deficit will deteriorate, but employing the rules of origin prevailing in preferential TRADE AGREEMENTs would reduce such deterioration.

On 6 December 2006, Australia and Korea announced a joint study on a possible Australia-Korea FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (AKFTA) to promote TRADE and economic relations between the two countries. The paper provides empirical evidence on the possible gains and their transmission mechanism from this AGREEMENT. Significantly, it uses a new economic policy modeling approach, the endogenous gravity theory (Tran Van Hoa, 2004) to provide credible and substantive causal findings and subsequent forecasts, as distinct from geopolitical economy arguments and scenarios, to evaluate the possible gains of the AKFTA to inform discussion and policy advice.

Georgia is the connecting point of the South Caucasus region to the North on the one hand and Russia and the Caucasus to Eastern and Central Europe, on the other. The Black Sea is located in western Georgia, which plays an important role in geopolitical matters in the region. Georgia has three important ports in this sea; the most important one is the port of Poti. In terms of geo-space, Georgia is the main source of access to the Black Sea, being in equations of the east corridor to the west and from the south to the north, also acting as a balance of power between Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkey and Iran and the strategic stratagem of Russia, Europe and the United States. Contrary to what is shown in the media, Iran hasn’ t had significant economic achievements in Georgia. ..

Introduction: Bilateral and multilateral economic contracts have an undeniable role in the field of international TRADE between countries. They even affect their political relations. The process of globalization to regionalism has also increased the importance of such AGREEMENTs. Therefore, it is very important to get familiar with the provisions and structure of the contract and analyze its content. One of these important AGREEMENTs is the AGREEMENT to establish a FREE TRADE zone between Iran and the Eurasian Economic Union. After the signing of the temporary AGREEMENT to establish a FREE TRADE zone between Iran and the Eurasian Economic Union in 2018 and after that, with the signing of the permanent AGREEMENT in the winter of 2011, less attention was paid to the legal analysis of this practical AGREEMENT, especially from the point of view of measuring its compliance with legal principles. The writings of this topic are only news or contain political and economic analysis. Therefore, this article seeks to answer the research question in order to partially solve this research gap, considering the practical importance of the issue.  Also, so far, a series of standard principles governing the regulation of contracts have not been specifically presented in any Persian or even English writings, Principles derived from customs and international documents, whether written or unwritten, are observed.This research is presented in two parts: The first part deals with the concepts and basics of the subject and the second part reviews the general principles governing the regulation of regional and international AGREEMENTs and their compliance in the AGREEMENT to establish a FREE TRADE zone. At the end, practical policy solutions and recommendations are suggested to the benefit groups of this article.Research Question: to what extent are the discussed temporary and permanent AGREEMENTs compatible with the legal principles governing the regional and international AGREEMENTs? And what are the consequences of not paying attention to the standard principles for Iran?Research Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this article is that the drafters of the AGREEMENT have partially respected some principles and did not fully respect some other principles, therefore, it may bring several legal challenges and negatively affect Iran's cooperation with the members of the Union.Methodology: In this way, while explaining and defining concepts such as FREE TRADE AGREEMENT and its difference with preferential TRADE AGREEMENT and brief introduction of the discussed AGREEMENT, in this article, the standard principles governing the drafting of the AGREEMENT and the analysis of the compliance of the AGREEMENT with the standard principles have been discussed.Results and Discussion: The signing of the AGREEMENT to create a FREE zone between Iran and the Eurasian Economic Union has many legal and economic benefits for our country; for example, it can be used as a practical exercise for accepting FREE TRADE AGREEMENTs, creating stability and transparency in TRADE laws in the fields of export and import and customs, etc. future accession to the World TRADE Organization and the development of economic relations with neighboring countries. However, in order to be able to benefit from the practical benefits and the intended goals of such an AGREEMENT, legal points should be considered along with the political and economic aspects of the issue. One of these legal points is the need to pay attention to the general legal principles governing the regulation of regional and international AGREEMENTs. They assist regulators and commentators and the dispute resolution authority in interpreting and effectively implementing the AGREEMENT. Among the principles mentioned in the article, the principle of paying attention to international norms, the principle of national behavior, the principle of transparency and the principle of the most favored nations (MFN) have been received relative attention in AGREEMENT. However, the principle of compliance, the principle of fulfilling obligations and the principle of honesty and simplicity of the AGREEMENT have not been taken into consideration. Failure to pay attention to the above principles causes legal problems and hinders the implementation of the contract between them and has negative effects on their economic interests even in private relations between businessmen. Undoubtedly, this can have a direct and indirect negative effect on Iran's relations with the other five member countries of the Union. TRADE is at a very wide level between the Iranian government and five foreign governments. Naturally, the risk management approach requires that the drafters of the AGREEMENT, according to the above-mentioned principles, anticipate and manage the risks of interpretation and implementation of the AGREEMENT, as the current text can potentially be the basis of many legal disputes and the result of these disputes is not only a legal dispute but also negatively affect Iran's cooperation with Eurasian governments in other sectors.Conclusion: Considering that paragraph 3 of article 9 of the temporary AGREEMENT and article 45 of the permanent AGREEMENT provide the possibility of amending the articles of the AGREEMENT with the written consent of the members and this document will not be implemented until the internal approval of the AGREEMENT, it is suggested to review the principles mentioned and the suggestions presented in the text of the article in the existing text.

Today, preferential and FREE TRADE AGREEMENTs play an effective role in expanding TRADE in goods and services at the international level and as common practice in business planning and facilitating TRADE. The purpose of this article is to examine the TRADE and welfare effects of Iran's FREE TRADE AGREEMENT with Turkey, India and Pakistan. For this purpose, using the Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE) model and version 10 of the Global TRADE Analysis Project (GTAP), three scenarios of concluding a FREE TRADE AGREEMENT with each of these countries were simulated. The results show that most of the welfare effects of the FREE TRADE AGREEMENT between Iran and Turkey are 2027 million Dollars, India is 1311 million Dollars and Pakistan is very small, about 38 million Dollars. On this basis, it was suggested that the Iranian government first enter into a FREE TRADE AGREEMENT with Turkey on mineral products, agriculture and services. And with India be centered on industrial, mineral, food and service products, and on rice and cereals by eliminating customs tariffs more restrictively and over time. Regarding Pakistan, it is necessary to identify the TRADE field between the two countries during TRADE negotiations and to provide the term for the success of the bilateral FREE TRADE AGREEMENT between the two countries by increasing bilateral TRADE exchanges.

The Iran-Turkey TRADE AGREEMENT in 2015 has widely been under discussion. However, its statistical outcomes are less investigated. This study aims to evaluate the impact of this TRADE policy on legal and illegal TRADE between the two countries. We use product-level TRADE data, from 2011 to 2017. We incorporate the difference-in-difference methodology and control for product-country fixed effects at 6 digits of HS codes. Results indicate that the policy has raised the market shares of preferential Turkish products in Iran. The rise is 10% compared to non-preferential Turkish goods and 35% compared to the same goods exported from other countries. Furthermore, we do not find any robust evidence on the reduction of smuggling, in contrast to what was expected from this AGREEMENT. Finally, we use a logit model to analyze factors which may explain the policymakers’ choice of preferred goods. Results indicate that the odds ratio of being chosen as a preferred product increases, respectively, by 170% and 200 %, if the size of legal and illegal TRADE increases by 1%. TRADE volume is considered as a proxy for terms of TRADE.

The FREE TRADE system is going to reduce the tariffs and remove the non-tariffs barriers that WTO undertakes to do them. Some imported products have problems with regard to safety and health and importing countries are concerned that the entrance of such products to their territories will danger public health. These concerns may be as result of public opinion and concerns that may have a scientific basis or not. Under some conditions, "The AGREEMENT on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures" permits the Members to prevent the importation of the products that are dangerous to the public health and safety. This essay seeks to examine to what extent can the Members' public opinion about health and safety of imported products be a reason for taking restrictive-FREE TRADE sanitary and phytosanitary Measures? The careful survey of the above-mentioned AGREEMENT shows that there is considerable scope for the Members to rely on the non-scientific evidence such as public opinion to take measures for protecting the life and health of humans and environment.